Risk factors for COPD

The most important risk factors for COPD are:1

  • Tobacco smoking
  • Outdoor and indoor air pollution
  • Occupational dusts and chemicals

 1.2 grafik 2
Figure 1: Causes of COPD.
Adapted from GOLD 2010.1

 

Expert opinion

Reference

  1. Global Initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease: Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD. 2010. www.goldcopd.org

Diagnosing COPD

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